# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False#matplotlib画图中中文显示会有问题，需要这两行设置默认字体plt.xlabel('X')plt.ylabel('Y')plt.xlim(xmax=9,xmin=0)plt.ylim(ymax=9,ymin=0)#画两条（0-9）的坐标轴并设置轴标签x，yx1 = np.random.normal(2,1.2,300) # 随机产生300个平均值为2，方差为1.2的浮点数，即第一簇点的x轴坐标y1 = np.random.normal(2,1.2,300) # 随机产生300个平均值为2，方差为1.2的浮点数，即第一簇点的y轴坐标x2 = np.random.normal(7.5,1.2,300)y2 = np.random.normal(7.5,1.2,300) colors1 = '#00CED1' #点的颜色colors2 = '#DC143C'area = np.pi * 4**2 # 点面积 # 画散点图plt.scatter(x1, y1, s=area, c=colors1, alpha=0.4, label='类别A')plt.scatter(x2, y2, s=area, c=colors2, alpha=0.4, label='类别B')plt.plot([0,9.5],[9.5,0],linewidth = '0.5',color='#000000')plt.legend()plt.savefig(r'C:/Users/jichao/Desktop/大论文/12345svm.png', dpi=300)plt.show()
效果
rcParams
rcParams用来设置画图时的一些基本参数
scatter
matplotlib.pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=None, linewidths=None, verts=None, edgecolors=None, *, data=None, **kwargs)
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x,y——设置点的位置
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s——点的大小
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c——点的颜色
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marker——点的形状
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cmap——可以用来控制颜色渐变，具体用法，见例子http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_c39df0460102xifx.html
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norm——亮度
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vmin，vmax——标准化亮度
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alpha——点的透明度，透明度设置的好能够使图好看
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linewidths，verts，edgcolors——点边缘线宽，（x，y）的序列，边缘线颜色
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**kwargs——以字典方式输入参数
savefig
savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w', orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None, transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1, frameon=None, metadata=None)
主要用到的参数就两个，fname——保存路径；dpi——每英寸像素数，可以理解为清晰度或细腻度
配色
这两行代码中——‘#00CED1’——为颜色值
colors1 = '#00CED1' # 点的颜色colors2 = '#DC143C'
所有颜色的名字及值：
'aliceblue': '#F0F8FF','antiquewhite': '#FAEBD7','aqua': '#00FFFF','aquamarine': '#7FFFD4','azure': '#F0FFFF','beige': '#F5F5DC','bisque': '#FFE4C4','black': '#000000','blanchedalmond': '#FFEBCD','blue': '#0000FF','blueviolet': '#8A2BE2','brown': '#A52A2A','burlywood': '#DEB887','cadetblue': '#5F9EA0','chartreuse': '#7FFF00','chocolate': '#D2691E','coral': '#FF7F50','cornflowerblue': '#6495ED','cornsilk': '#FFF8DC','crimson': '#DC143C','cyan': '#00FFFF','darkblue': '#00008B','darkcyan': '#008B8B','darkgoldenrod': '#B8860B','darkgray': '#A9A9A9','darkgreen': '#006400','darkkhaki': '#BDB76B','darkmagenta': '#8B008B','darkolivegreen': '#556B2F','darkorange': '#FF8C00','darkorchid': '#9932CC','darkred': '#8B0000','darksalmon': '#E9967A','darkseagreen': '#8FBC8F','darkslateblue': '#483D8B','darkslategray': '#2F4F4F','darkturquoise': '#00CED1','darkviolet': '#9400D3','deeppink': '#FF1493','deepskyblue': '#00BFFF','dimgray': '#696969','dodgerblue': '#1E90FF','firebrick': '#B22222','floralwhite': '#FFFAF0','forestgreen': '#228B22','fuchsia': '#FF00FF','gainsboro': '#DCDCDC','ghostwhite': '#F8F8FF','gold': '#FFD700','goldenrod': '#DAA520','gray': '#808080','green': '#008000','greenyellow': '#ADFF2F','honeydew': '#F0FFF0','hotpink': '#FF69B4','indianred': '#CD5C5C','indigo': '#4B0082','ivory': '#FFFFF0','khaki': '#F0E68C','lavender': '#E6E6FA','lavenderblush': '#FFF0F5','lawngreen': '#7CFC00','lemonchiffon': '#FFFACD','lightblue': '#ADD8E6','lightcoral': '#F08080','lightcyan': '#E0FFFF','lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2','lightgreen': '#90EE90','lightgray': '#D3D3D3','lightpink': '#FFB6C1','lightsalmon': '#FFA07A','lightseagreen': '#20B2AA','lightskyblue': '#87CEFA','lightslategray': '#778899','lightsteelblue': '#B0C4DE','lightyellow': '#FFFFE0','lime': '#00FF00','limegreen': '#32CD32','linen': '#FAF0E6','magenta': '#FF00FF','maroon': '#800000','mediumaquamarine': '#66CDAA','mediumblue': '#0000CD','mediumorchid': '#BA55D3','mediumpurple': '#9370DB','mediumseagreen': '#3CB371','mediumslateblue': '#7B68EE','mediumspringgreen': '#00FA9A','mediumturquoise': '#48D1CC','mediumvioletred': '#C71585','midnightblue': '#191970','mintcream': '#F5FFFA','mistyrose': '#FFE4E1','moccasin': '#FFE4B5','navajowhite': '#FFDEAD','navy': '#000080','oldlace': '#FDF5E6','olive': '#808000','olivedrab': '#6B8E23','orange': '#FFA500','orangered': '#FF4500','orchid': '#DA70D6','palegoldenrod': '#EEE8AA','palegreen': '#98FB98','paleturquoise': '#AFEEEE','palevioletred': '#DB7093','papayawhip': '#FFEFD5','peachpuff': '#FFDAB9','peru': '#CD853F','pink': '#FFC0CB','plum': '#DDA0DD','powderblue': '#B0E0E6','purple': '#800080','red': '#FF0000','rosybrown': '#BC8F8F','royalblue': '#4169E1','saddlebrown': '#8B4513','salmon': '#FA8072','sandybrown': '#FAA460','seagreen': '#2E8B57','seashell': '#FFF5EE','sienna': '#A0522D','silver': '#C0C0C0','skyblue': '#87CEEB','slateblue': '#6A5ACD','slategray': '#708090','snow': '#FFFAFA','springgreen': '#00FF7F','steelblue': '#4682B4','tan': '#D2B48C','teal': '#008080','thistle': '#D8BFD8','tomato': '#FF6347','turquoise': '#40E0D0','violet': '#EE82EE','wheat': '#F5DEB3','white': '#FFFFFF','whitesmoke': '#F5F5F5','yellow': '#FFFF00','yellowgreen': '#9ACD32'
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